Schizophyllum Commune

[Mystic Wolf]

Schizophyllum Commune – 1-16-2020
The cosmopolitan wood-loving mushroom, Schizophyllum commune, is used as a traditional food throughout Southeast Asia and India. Researchers have intensively studied a (1→3)-β-D-glucan from the mycelium extract, Schizophyllan (SPG) since the 1970s, and today it is used as a biological response modifier (BRM) in combination with chemo- and radiation therapy, especially for cervical and gastric cancers. Based on an abundance of preliminary evidence showing binding of its (1→3)-β-D-glucan to dectin-1 receptors of macrophages and other cells, activation of a T-cell cascade with subsequent increased production of cytokines, such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), reduction of tumor size and growth, increased survival of tumor-bearing animals, and a few controlled human trials of varying methodologies and quality, it continues to be used in clinical practice. Larger, well-designed clinical trials are needed to secure its place in modern medical practice in other countries. Fundamental questions such as whether the oral application is effective, determination of proper dose, frequency and length of administration, and whether SPG is effective with other types of cancer still need to be answered.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247854849_The_Chemistry_Nu...

Its polysaccharide SPG demonstrates potent anticancer effects in clinical practice. Schizophyllum commune has been shown with certain anticancer applications [13,15]. This review highlights bioactivities of mushroom polysaccharides, their structure-activity relationship and the possible mechanisms of action, as well as their potential as immunoceuticals and anti-cancer agents. Schizophyllan (SPG) is a mushroom polysaccharide isolated from Schizophyllum commune Fr (Schizophyllaceae), which has also been clinically used for the treatment of cancer in Japan [26,32]. Komatsu et al. discovered SPG and demonstrated that it displayed host-mediated anti-tumor activity against Sarcoma 180 [33]. SPG was shown to stimulate the immune system and activate NK cells, spleen cells, lymphoid cells as well as bone marrow cells and enhance the production of anti-tumor/ immunostimulatory cytokines such as interleukins 1, 2 and 3 [32,34]. Clinical studies indicated that SPG used in immunochemotherapy in combination with chemotherapeutic agents (tegafur or mitomycin and 5-fluorouracil) significantly prolonged the survival of patients with stage II cervical cancer, compared to chemotherapy without SPG [32].

• Sugiyama Y (2016) Polysaccharides. In: Yamaguchi Y (ed), Immunotherapy of cancer, Springer, Berlin. pp 37-50.
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• Hirahara N, Fujioka M, Edamatsu T, Fujieda A, Sekine F (2011) Protein-bound polysaccharide-K (PSK) induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of promyelomonocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Anticancer Res 31: 2733-2738.
• Meng X, Liang H, Luo L (2016) Antitumour polysaccharides from mushrooms: A review on the structural characteristics, antitumor mechanisms, and immunomodulating activities. Carbohydr Res 424: 30-41.
• Wan JMF, Sit WH, Yang X, Jiang P, Wong LLY (2010) Polysaccharopeptides derived from Coriolus Versicolor potentiate the S-phase specific cytotoxicity of Camptothecin (CPT) on human leukemia HL-60 cells. Chinese medicine. 5: 16.
• Luk SU, Lee TKW, Liu J, Lee DTW, Chiu YT, et al. (2011) Chemopreventive effect of PSP through targeting of prostate cancer stem cell-like population. PloS One 6: e19804.
• Cheung NKV, Modak S, Vickers A, Knuckles B. (2002) Orally administered β-glucans enhance anti-tumor effects of monoclonal antibodies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 51: 557-564.
• Zhang Y, Kong H, Fang Y, Nishinari K, Phillips GO. (2013) Schizophyllan: A review of its structure, properties, bioactivities, and recent developments. Bioact Carbohydr Dietary Fibre 1: 53-71.
• Zhang Y, Kong H, Fang Y, Nishinari K, Phillips GO. (2013) Schizophyllan: A review of its structure, properties, bioactivities, and recent developments. Bioact Carbohydr Dietary Fibre 1: 53-71.
• Komatsu N, OKuBo S, Kikumoto S, Kimura K, Saito G, et al. (1969) Host-mediated anti-tumour action of Schizophyllum, a glucan produced by Schizophyllum commune. GANN Jpn J Cancer Res 60: 137-144.
• Tsuchiya Y, Igarashi M, Inoue M, Kumagai K. (1989) Cytokine-related immunomodulating activities of an anti-tumor glucan, sizofiran (SPG). Journal of Pharmacobio-dynamics. 12: 616-625.

http://nutraceuticals.imedpub.com/bioactive-mushroom-polysaccharide...
Split Gill, split-fold – Schizophyllum commune

This mushroom has anti-tumor and immune-enhancing effects, in China and Japan; it is used in conjunction with chemo and radiation therapy to treat cancer. It is found worldwide. Apparently inhibits chromosomal damage caused by chemotherapy and radiation treatments.